C-Progs von ASURO in Pacal umschreiben - Unbekannter Befehl

Hallo zusamen,

Ich will meinen ASURO mit AVRco in Pascal programmieren.
Momentan bleibt leider alles an einer Sache (in den C-Units) hängen, die ich nicht verstehe.

In der Unit IOM8.h findet sich diese Schema:

#define TWBR _SFR_IO8(0x00)
#define [...] _SFR_IO8([...])
#define [...] _SFR_IO8([...])

Ich weiß leider absolut nichts damit anzufangen, da ich nicht weiß, was mit _SFR_IO8 gemeint ist.

wenn ich das in Pascal schreibe, sollte das ja so aussehen
Const TWBR = ??befehl??($00);
Kennt jemand diesen Befehl?

Hallo,
also Sinn dieser Zeilen ist, die IO-Register als Namen zu hinterlegen, also mit TWBR greift man dann auf das 8Bit IO-Register 0x00 zu, usw., die Werte in den Klammern geben das IO-Register an.

Dann gibts da auch noch _SFR_IO16(0x2c) hiermit werden 2 Byte von hintereinander liegenden IO-Registern gelesen.
Dazu muss man aber beachten, das beim lesen und schreiben von 16Bit Werten die Reihenfolge wichtig ist in welcher man High und Low-Wert liest oder schreibt.
Steht in AppNote AVR072:
http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/p...ts/DOC1493.PDF

Aha, danke schon mal, denn Sinn versteh ich jetzt weitgehend.
Aber gibt es denn zu diesem C-befehl einen äquivalenten Befehl in Pascal?

Das ist kein C-Befehl, es ist lediglich ein Makro.

In dem avr/iom8.h bzw. avr/io.h werden noch andere Header includet. Schau einfach mal da rein, da steht genau, wie es definiert ist. Oder nimm eine C-Datei, die es verwendet, und lass den Preprozessor drüberrauschen und schau nach, was er draus macht.

Zitat:

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Zitat von avr/sfr_defs.h

Code:

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/* Copyright (c) 2002, Marek Michalkiewicz <marekm@amelek.gda.pl>
  All rights reserved.

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
    distribution.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
  AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
  LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
  CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
  SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
  INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
  CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
  ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.  */

/* avr/sfr_defs.h - macros for accessing AVR special function registers */

/* $Id: sfr_defs.h,v 1.10.2.2 2004/04/22 17:41:05 troth Exp $ */

#ifndef _AVR_SFR_DEFS_H_
#define _AVR_SFR_DEFS_H_ 1

/** \defgroup avr_sfr_notes Additional notes from <avr/sfr_defs.h>
    \ingroup avr_sfr

  The \c <avr/sfr_defs.h> file is included by all of the \c <avr/ioXXXX.h>
  files, which use macros defined here to make the special function register
  definitions look like C variables or simple constants, depending on the
  <tt>_SFR_ASM_COMPAT</tt> define.  Some examples from \c <avr/iom128.h> to
  show how to define such macros:

\code
#define PORTA _SFR_IO8(0x1b)
#define TCNT1 _SFR_IO16(0x2c)
#define PORTF _SFR_MEM8(0x61)
#define TCNT3 _SFR_MEM16(0x88)
\endcode

  If \c _SFR_ASM_COMPAT is not defined, C programs can use names like
  <tt>PORTA</tt> directly in C expressions (also on the left side of
  assignment operators) and GCC will do the right thing (use short I/O
  instructions if possible).  The \c __SFR_OFFSET definition is not used in
  any way in this case.

  Define \c _SFR_ASM_COMPAT as 1 to make these names work as simple constants
  (addresses of the I/O registers).  This is necessary when included in
  preprocessed assembler (*.S) source files, so it is done automatically if
  \c __ASSEMBLER__ is defined.  By default, all addresses are defined as if
  they were memory addresses (used in \c lds/sts instructions).  To use these
  addresses in \c in/out instructions, you must subtract 0x20 from them.

  For more backwards compatibility, insert the following at the start of your
  old assembler source file:

\code
#define __SFR_OFFSET 0
\endcode

  This automatically subtracts 0x20 from I/O space addresses, but it's a
  hack, so it is recommended to change your source: wrap such addresses in
  macros defined here, as shown below.  After this is done, the
  <tt>__SFR_OFFSET</tt> definition is no longer necessary and can be removed.

  Real example - this code could be used in a boot loader that is portable
  between devices with \c SPMCR at different addresses.

\verbatim
<avr/iom163.h>: #define SPMCR _SFR_IO8(0x37)
<avr/iom128.h>: #define SPMCR _SFR_MEM8(0x68)
\endverbatim

\code
#if _SFR_IO_REG_P(SPMCR)
        out        _SFR_IO_ADDR(SPMCR), r24
#else
        sts        _SFR_MEM_ADDR(SPMCR), r24
#endif
\endcode

  You can use the \c in/out/cbi/sbi/sbic/sbis instructions, without the
  <tt>_SFR_IO_REG_P</tt> test, if you know that the register is in the I/O
  space (as with \c SREG, for example).  If it isn't, the assembler will
  complain (I/O address out of range 0...0x3f), so this should be fairly
  safe.

  If you do not define \c __SFR_OFFSET (so it will be 0x20 by default), all
  special register addresses are defined as memory addresses (so \c SREG is
  0x5f), and (if code size and speed are not important, and you don't like
  the ugly #if above) you can always use lds/sts to access them.  But, this
  will not work if <tt>__SFR_OFFSET</tt> != 0x20, so use a different macro
  (defined only if <tt>__SFR_OFFSET</tt> == 0x20) for safety:

\code
        sts        _SFR_ADDR(SPMCR), r24
\endcode

  In C programs, all 3 combinations of \c _SFR_ASM_COMPAT and
  <tt>__SFR_OFFSET</tt> are supported - the \c _SFR_ADDR(SPMCR) macro can be
  used to get the address of the \c SPMCR register (0x57 or 0x68 depending on
  device).

  The old inp()/outp() macros are still supported, but not recommended to use
  in new code.  The order of outp() arguments is confusing. */

#ifdef __ASSEMBLER__
#define _SFR_ASM_COMPAT 1
#endif

#ifndef __ASSEMBLER__
/* These only work in C programs.  */
#include <inttypes.h>

#define _MMIO_BYTE(mem_addr) (*(volatile uint8_t *)(mem_addr))
#define _MMIO_WORD(mem_addr) (*(volatile uint16_t *)(mem_addr))
#endif

#if _SFR_ASM_COMPAT

#ifndef __SFR_OFFSET
/* Define as 0 before including this file for compatibility with old asm
  sources that don't subtract __SFR_OFFSET from symbolic I/O addresses.  */
#define __SFR_OFFSET 0x20
#endif

#if (__SFR_OFFSET != 0) && (__SFR_OFFSET != 0x20)
#error "__SFR_OFFSET must be 0 or 0x20"
#endif

#define _SFR_MEM8(mem_addr) (mem_addr)
#define _SFR_MEM16(mem_addr) (mem_addr)
#define _SFR_IO8(io_addr) ((io_addr) + __SFR_OFFSET)
#define _SFR_IO16(io_addr) ((io_addr) + __SFR_OFFSET)

#define _SFR_IO_ADDR(sfr) ((sfr) - __SFR_OFFSET)
#define _SFR_MEM_ADDR(sfr) (sfr)
#define _SFR_IO_REG_P(sfr) ((sfr) < 0x40 + __SFR_OFFSET)

#if (__SFR_OFFSET == 0x20)
/* No need to use ?: operator, so works in assembler too.  */
#define _SFR_ADDR(sfr) _SFR_MEM_ADDR(sfr)
#elif !defined(__ASSEMBLER__)
#define _SFR_ADDR(sfr) (_SFR_IO_REG_P(sfr) ? (_SFR_IO_ADDR(sfr) + 0x20) : _SFR_MEM_ADDR(sfr))
#endif

#else  /* !_SFR_ASM_COMPAT */

#define _SFR_MEM8(mem_addr) _MMIO_BYTE(mem_addr)
#define _SFR_MEM16(mem_addr) _MMIO_WORD(mem_addr)
#define _SFR_IO8(io_addr) _MMIO_BYTE((io_addr) + 0x20)
#define _SFR_IO16(io_addr) _MMIO_WORD((io_addr) + 0x20)

#define _SFR_MEM_ADDR(sfr) ((uint16_t) &(sfr))
#define _SFR_IO_ADDR(sfr) (_SFR_MEM_ADDR(sfr) - 0x20)
#define _SFR_IO_REG_P(sfr) (_SFR_MEM_ADDR(sfr) < 0x60)

#define _SFR_ADDR(sfr) _SFR_MEM_ADDR(sfr)

#endif /* !_SFR_ASM_COMPAT */

#define _SFR_BYTE(sfr) _MMIO_BYTE(_SFR_ADDR(sfr))
#define _SFR_WORD(sfr) _MMIO_WORD(_SFR_ADDR(sfr))

/** \name Bit manipulation */

/*@{*/
/** \def _BV
    \ingroup avr_sfr

    \code #include <avr/io.h>\endcode

    Converts a bit number into a byte value.

    \note The bit shift is performed by the compiler which then inserts the
    result into the code. Thus, there is no run-time overhead when using
    _BV(). */
   
#define _BV(bit) (1 << (bit))

/*@}*/

#ifndef _VECTOR
#define _VECTOR(N) __vector_ ## N
#endif

#ifndef __ASSEMBLER__


/** \name IO register bit manipulation */

/*@{*/



/** \def bit_is_set
    \ingroup avr_sfr

    \code #include <avr/io.h>\endcode

    Test whether bit \c bit in IO register \c sfr is set.
    This will return a 0 if the bit is clear, and non-zero
    if the bit is set. */

#define bit_is_set(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) & _BV(bit))

/** \def bit_is_clear
    \ingroup avr_sfr

    \code #include <avr/io.h>\endcode

    Test whether bit \c bit in IO register \c sfr is clear.
    This will return non-zero if the bit is clear, and a 0
    if the bit is set. */

#define bit_is_clear(sfr, bit) (!(_SFR_BYTE(sfr) & _BV(bit)))

/** \def loop_until_bit_is_set
    \ingroup avr_sfr

    \code #include <avr/io.h>\endcode

    Wait until bit \c bit in IO register \c sfr is set. */

#define loop_until_bit_is_set(sfr, bit) do { } while (bit_is_clear(sfr, bit))

/** \def loop_until_bit_is_clear
    \ingroup avr_sfr

    \code #include <avr/io.h>\endcode

    Wait until bit \c bit in IO register \c sfr is clear. */

#define loop_until_bit_is_clear(sfr, bit) do { } while (bit_is_set(sfr, bit))

/*@}*/

#endif /* !__ASSEMBLER__ */

/* Backwards compatibility, do not use in new programs.  */

/** \name Deprecated Macros */
/*@{*/


/** \def cbi
    \ingroup avr_sfr
    \deprecated
    \code #include <avr/io.h>\endcode
    For backwards compatibility only. This macro will eventually be removed.

    Clear bit \c bit in IO register \c sfr. */

#define cbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) &= ~_BV(bit))

/** \def sbi
    \ingroup avr_sfr
    \deprecated
    \code #include <avr/io.h>\endcode
    For backwards compatibility only. This macro will eventually be removed.

    Set bit \c bit in IO register \c sfr. */

#define sbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) |= _BV(bit))



/** \def inb
    \ingroup avr_sfr
    \deprecated
    \code #include <avr/io.h>\endcode
    For backwards compatibility only. This macro will eventually be removed.

    \par
    Use direct access in new programs. */

#define inb(sfr) _SFR_BYTE(sfr)



/** \def outb
    \ingroup avr_sfr
    \deprecated
    \code #include <avr/io.h>\endcode

    For backwards compatibility only. This macro will eventually be removed.

    \par
    Use direct access in new programs.
   
    \note The order of the arguments was switched in older versions of
    avr-libc (versions <= 20020203). */


#define outb(sfr, val) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) = (val))

/* The outb/outw macros now have the correct order of arguments.  */

/** \def inw
    \ingroup avr_sfr
    \deprecated
    \code #include <avr/io.h>\endcode
    For backwards compatibility only. This macro will eventually be removed.

    Read a 16-bit word from IO register pair \c sfr.
   
    \par
    Use direct access in new programs. */

#define inw(sfr) _SFR_WORD(sfr)


/** \def outw
    \ingroup avr_sfr
    \deprecated
    \code #include <avr/io.h>\endcode
    For backwards compatibility only. This macro will eventually be removed.

    Write the 16-bit value \c val to IO register pair \c sfr.  Care
    will be taken to write the lower register first.  When used to
    update 16-bit registers where the timing is critical and the
    operation can be interrupted, the programmer is the responsible for
    disabling interrupts before accessing the register pair.

    \par
    Use direct access in new programs.

    \note The order of the arguments was switched in older versions of
    avr-libc (versions <= 20020203). */


#define outw(sfr, val) (_SFR_WORD(sfr) = (val))


/** \def outp
    \ingroup avr_sfr
    \deprecated
    For backwards compatibility only. This macro will eventually be removed.

    \par
    Use direct access in new programs. */

#define outp(val, sfr) outb(sfr, val)

/** \def inp
    \ingroup avr_sfr
    \deprecated
    For backwards compatibility only. This macro will eventually be removed.

    \par
    Use direct access in new programs. */

#define inp(sfr) inb(sfr)

/** \def BV
    \ingroup avr_sfr
    \deprecated
    For backwards compatibility only. This macro will eventually be removed.

    \par
    Use _BV() in new programs. */

#define BV(bit) _BV(bit)

/*@}*/

#endif  /* _SFR_DEFS_H_ */

---

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@Rath
Mein letztes Pascal Programm ist schon etwas älter, mit Turbo Pascal 6.0 !

Speicherzugriff am PC war da mit mem[] irgendwie möglich, für io gibts bestimmt was mit Out() und In() !

Aber gibts denn kein Pascal für AVR, dann muss man nicht nochmal alles erfinden ?
Du schreibst oben was von AVRco, da gibts bestimmt eine Hilfe dazu.

Es mus ja nicht alles genauso werden wie's in C ausschaut.

@Rath:
Habe ich Dich richtig verstanden ?
Du willst das Programm, das Du derzeit hast auf AVRco portieren
und dann zukünftig mit Pascal programmieren ?

Wenn Ja, mache doch einfach ein einfaches Testprogramm
sowohl mit dem C-Compiler und mit dem Pascal Compiler.
Und schau die Hilfe an.

@ruediw: Ja, genau das will ich machen (bzw. soll ich, im rahmen meiner informatik Facharbeit)

Die Passende Hilfe habe ich glaube ich mit der AVR-compiler dokumentation gefunden, da gibt es ein Manual, was sich mit der für AVRco modifizierten Pascal sprache befasst. Da werde ich mich erst einmal durchwühlen.
Hoffentlich kriege ich das auf die Reihe, es ist nämlich das erste mal, dass ich mich mit µCs beschäftige.

Die _SFR_IOXX() wird man wohl kaum direkt in eine C-Datei schreiben. In der C-Datei steht eher so was:

PORTC = ***
unsigned char sreg = SREG;

Im Endeffekt wird zum Auflösen zwar irgendwo das _SFR_IOXX-Makro verwendet, aber solche Zuwesungen kann man in einem Pascal-Compiler wohl direkt hinschreiben. Bei GCC werden diese Makros gebraucht, weil ein SFR über seine Adresse angesprochen wird, und GCC nicht weiss, ob die Memory-Adresse gemeint ist, oder die io-Adresse (haben einen Offset von 0x20). Verwendet man also out, braucht man eine andere Adresse als mit sts, auch wenn das gleiche Register gemeint ist.

So,

bis jetzt klappt alle ganz gut, einzelne Bits eines Registers kann man über SetBit('Bitname', wert : Boolean) erreichen, wenn man sie vorher als Bit variablen im entsprechenden Register deklariert hat:

bsp.:

CONST Bit6 :6
VAR MeinBit[@PORTD,Bit6] : Bit;

Damit komme ich schon recht weit, kann die Leuchtdioden schalten und weiteres, allerdings stehe ich jetzt vor einem anderen Problem: WIe beschreibe ich ein ganzes (8 oder 16bit-) Register auf einmal? In C sieht das glaube ich so aus:

bsp.:

PORTD = $03
'Registername' = 'zahl'

Oder weiß jemand eine andere Lösung?